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  1. Title: Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands. Primary triangulation by W.D. Alexander, C.J. Lyons, J.S. Emerson, J.M. Lydgate and E.D. Baldwin. Boundaries and topography by W.D. Alexander, C.J. Lyons, J.S. Emerson, J.M. Lydgate, J.F. Brown, E.D. Baldwin, F.S. Lyman, J.M. Alexander, S.M. Kanakanui and A.B. Loebenstein. Map by John M. Donn. 1901. (At head of title:) Hawaii Territory Survey, W.D. Alexander, Walter E. Wall, Surveyor. Andrew B. Graham Co., Lithographers, Washington, D.C. (1906) (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced image of a map of Hawaii published in 1906. The map shows public lands; homestead settlement tracts; grazing, pineapple and sugar lands; forest reserves; forest lands not in reserves; wet lands (rice and taro); schools, post offices, etc. The original map appears in "Report of the Governor of the Territory of Hawaii to the Secretary of the Interior. 1906." The historic map layers in the Google Earth Rumsey Map Collection have been selected by David Rumsey from his large collection of historical maps, as well as some from other collections with which he collaborates. All the maps contain rich information about the past and represent a sampling of time periods, scales, and cartographic art, resulting in visual history stories that only old maps can tell. Each map has been georeferenced by Rumsey, thus creating unique digital map images that allow the old maps to appear in their correct places on the modern globe. Some of the maps fit perfectly in their modern spaces, while othersgenerally earlier period mapsreveal interesting geographical misconceptions of their time. Cultural features on the maps can be compared to the modern satellite views using the slider bars to adjust transparency. The result is an exploration of time as well as space, a marriage of historic cartographic masterpieces with innovative contemporary software tools.

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  2. Title: Paris, France, 1889 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan de Paris, dresse A. Vuillemin. It was published by Hachette & Cie. in [1889]. Scale 1:16,000. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, street cars, drainage, selected buildings, fortifications, parks, cemeteries, and more. Includes index of Arrondissements and Quartiers.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

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  3. Title: Maps of Utah Territory, Great Salt Lake valley and Salt Lake City : with portrait and autograph of Brigham Young

    Contributors:

    Summary: Cover title.; Consists of three hand-colored maps and portrait of Brigham Young, all within ruled border.; Each map has separate copyright notice (copyrighted by B.A.M. Froiseth).; "Am. Photo-Lithographic Co., N.Y. (Osborne's Process)." on sheet 44 x 36 centimeters, folded in cover Scales vary. General Map Collection

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  4. Title: Algeria, 1846 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte de l'Algerie : divisee par tribus, par mm. E. Carette et Augte. Warnier, membres de la Commission Scientifique de l'Algerie. It was published by Institut geographique national in 1846. Scale 1:1,000,000. Covers northern part of Algeria and portions of Tunisia and Morocco. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads adn routes, administrative and territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Includes notes on native populations and inset of Mediterranean Sea region. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  5. Title: Western Sahara, Mauritania, & Senegal, 1861 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte du voyage execute dans le Sahara occidental, d'apres les instructions du colonel ... Faidherbe..., par le capitaine ... Vincent, dressee par Vuillemin ; gravee chez Erhard. It was published by Societe de Geographie in 1861. Scale [ca. 1:4,000,000]. Covers portions of Western Sahara, Mauritania, Senegal, and Guinea. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Lambert Conformal Conic projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Includes notes.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  6. Title: World Map Showing Routes of Exploration and Discovery, 1853 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Planisphere : elementaire et illustre indiquant la description geographique des parties connues de la terre, l'epoque des grandes decouvertes des navigateurs les colonies Europeennes, les principaux parcours des paquebots, l'epoque des departs, la duree du trajet, &c[a]., dresee par Vuillemin, geographie ; grave par Langevin. It was published by Fatout in 1853. Scale [ca. 1:50,000,000]. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the the 'World Mercator' projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Shows voyage routes of exploration and discovery. Relief shown pictorially and by spot heights. Includes historical notes, explanations, and ill. of sea vessels and scenes of exploration. Includes insets at lower margin: Costumes des differentes races qui peuplent la terre -- [Chart of Mt. heights in Europe] -- Hauteur des principales montagnes du monde -- [Chart of Mt. heights in Asia] -- Tableau faisant voir que le Planisphere n'est que le developpement figure du globe sur une surface plane -- Longueurs sources et embouchures des principaux fleuves du monde -- Costumes des differentes races qui peuplent la terre. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

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  7. Title: New Haven, Connecticut, 1893 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: City of New Haven, Connecticut, [by] A.B. Hill, civil engineer. It was published by Geo. H. Walker & Co., 1893. Scale [1:12,000]. Covers also portions of West Haven, Hamden, North Haven, and East Haven. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Connecticut State Plane Coordinate System (Feet) (FIPS 0600). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, selected public and industrial buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, parks, city ward boundaries, and more. Includes inset: [Yale campus]. Scale [1:2,400]. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of New England from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  8. Title: The Price & Lee Co's. map of the city of New Haven, Connecticut

    Contributors:

    Summary: Shows radial distances from City Hall.; "Map compiled 1922."; "Robert A. Welcke, Photo-litho., 178 Williams St., N.Y." 65 x 49 centimeters Scale approximately 1:25,000 City Maps

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  9. Title: Paris region, France, 1893 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Plan velo des environs de Paris : d'apres les cartes de l'Etat-Major et du guide Baroncelli, A. de Baroncelli. It was published by Librairie Neal in [1893]. Scale 1:125,000. Map in French.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the European Datum 1950, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 31N projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map.This map shows features such as bicycle routes, roads, railroads and stations, drainage, cities and towns, selected buildings, ground cover, and more. Includes distance notes in margins.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

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  10. Title: A general chart of South America

    Contributors:

    Summary: Shows the coasts of South and Central America, Mexico, the West Indies and the southern United States. "527." Historic Maps copy has label on verso: South America, including the Coasts of Mexico to St. Blas, and the W. India Is.

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  11. Title: Battles of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico, 1848 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Battles of Mexico : survey of the line of operations of the U.S. Army, under command of Major General Winfield Scott, on the 19th & 20th August & on the 8th, 12th & 13th September, 1847, made by Maj. Turnbull, Capt. McClellan & Lieut. Hardcastle, Topl. Engs. ; drawn by Capt. McClellan. It was published by C.B. Graham in 1848. Scale [ca. 1:31,680]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 14N, meters, WGS 1984) projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, built-up areas, selected buildings with names of landowners, drainage, canals, troop disposition, movements, and lines of defenses, fortifications, ground cover, and more. Relief shown by hachures and pictorially. Includes positions and numbers of troops, and casualty statistics for the battles of Contreras, Churubusco, Molino del Rey, and Chapultepec, and inset: Part of the Valley of Mexico. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  12. Title: Handy indexed map of the city of Detroit showing complete street railway systems to date October, 1895.

    Contributors:

    Summary: Title from cover. Oriented with north toward the upper right. Street index on verso. "Copyright 1888, F. B. Williams." Includes description of street railway lines. 1 map: col.; 19 x 32 cm., folded in cover 16 x 9 cm.

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  13. Title: "A" diagram of a portion of Oregon Territory

    Contributors:

    Summary: Relief shown by hachures. "Surveyor General's Office, Oregon City, October 20th, 1851."

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  14. Title: Froiseth's new sectional & mineral map of Utah : compiled from the latest U.S. government surveys and other authentic sources : exhibiting the sections, fractional sections, counties, cities, towns, settlements, mines, railroads and other internal improvements

    Contributors:

    Summary: In cover.

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  15. Title: Cincinnati, Ohio, ca. 1840 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Cincinnati, Covington & Newport, drawn by B. Oertly. It was lithographed and published by Otto Onken, ca. 1840. Scale [ca. 1:10,500]. Covers also a portion of Northern Kentucky. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Ohio South State Plane NAD 1983 coordinate system (in Feet) (Fipszone 3402). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads and stations, drainage, selected buildings, city ward boundaries, cemeteries, canals, and more. Includes also indexes and inset map of Millcreek Township.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  16. Title: The western theatre of the European War : the clearest and most detailed map, in one sheet, by which the operations of the French-British-American-Belgian and German armies can be easily followed with coloured lines showing the invasion and the different stages of retreat of the German Army

    Contributors:

    Summary: Inset: Map of the Dardanelles, approximately 1:1,000,000.; Issued with the National Geographic magazine, Feb. 1921. 87 x 96 centimeters Scale 1:500,000 General Map Collection

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  17. Title: Carte du théätre sud-occidental de la guerre Européenne (front Italien)

    Contributors:

    Summary: Relief shown by spot heights and pictorially.; Title from cover. 80 x 94 centimeters Scale 1:500,000 General Map Collection

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  18. Title: Map of the mineral regions of the counties of Gogebic and Ontonagon, Michigan, 1887; published by Edw. P. Allis & H.B. Merrell; compiled by Mess. J.M. Longyear and J.M. Case, Marquette, Mich.

    Contributors:

    Summary: Shows lands of Allis & Merrell in green, and of Case & Longyear in red. Also shows mines and mineral explorations, iron ranges, existing and projected railroads, wagon roads, and supply roads. Relief shown by hachures. "Supplement to the Mining, real estate & manufacturing reporter, Milwaukee, Wis., June 4th, 1887" --Upper margin. "Copyright applied for by Edw. P. Allis, Milwaukee, Wis." 1 map: color; 50 x 62 cm

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  19. Title: Carte des colonies anglaises dans l'Amérique septentrionale

    Contributors:

    Summary: 1 map : hand col. ; 37 x 47 cm Hand colored. Relief shown pictorially. Includes text.

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  20. Title: Climate-biome envelope model for the Western Great Lakes Region

    Contributors:

    Summary: Research Highlights: We modeled climate-biome envelopes at high resolution in the Western Great Lakes Region for recent and future time-periods. The projected biome shifts, in conjunction with heterogeneous distribution of protected land, may create both great challenges for conservation of particular ecosystems and novel conservation opportunities. Background and Objectives: Climate change this century will affect the distribution and relative abundance of ecological communities against a mostly static background of protected land. We developed a climate-biome envelope model using a priori climate-vegetation relationships for the Western Great Lakes Region (Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan USA and adjacent Ontario, Canada) to predict potential biomes and ecotones—boreal forest, mixed forest, temperate forest, prairie–forest border, and prairie—for a recent climate normal period (1979–2013) and future conditions (2061–2080). Materials and Methods: We analyzed six scenarios, two representative concentration pathways (RCP)—4.5 and 8.5, and three global climate models to represent cool, average, and warm scenarios to predict climate-biome envelopes for 2061–2080. To assess implications of the changes for conservation, we analyzed the amount of land with climate suited for each of the biomes and ecotones both region-wide and within protected areas, under current and future conditions. Results: Recent biome boundaries were accurately represented by the climate-biome envelope model. The modeled future conditions show at least a 96% loss in areas suitable for the boreal and mixed forest from the region, but likely gains in areas suitable for temperate forest, prairie–forest border, and prairie. The analysis also showed that protected areas in the region will most likely lose most or all of the area, 18,692 km2, currently climatically suitable for boreal forest. This would represent an enormous conservation loss. However, conversely, the area climatically suitable for prairie and prairie–forest border within protected areas would increase up to 12.5 times the currently suitable 1775 km2. Conclusions: These results suggest that retaining boreal forest in potential refugia where it currently exists and facilitating transition of some forests to prairie, oak savanna, and temperate forest should both be conservation priorities in the northern part of the region. Data included here are the R code used to process the publicly available CHELSA data (see publications for citation) into the biome-climate envelope product (as .R files and .txt files) and the climate-biome envelope product itself (as .tif files).

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