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  1. Title: Bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (200 meters): California Coast, 2002

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    Summary: This raster dataset is a mosaic resampled to 200 meter horizontal resolution for areas of sparse data occurrence. Vertical units are fathoms (integer). The tiled 25 meter base DEMs are intermediate products used to generate the 25-200 meter zonal DEMs. These 25, 50, 100 and 200 meter "zones" were defined by plotting the source data on paper, visually identifying and hand drafting zone boundaries based on data density, then capturing the boundaries in digital format. The tiled 5-200 meter zonal DEMs are simply the coast-wide zonal DEMs (or individual 5 meter zonal DEMs) clipped to a 7500 meter buffered tile extent and stored in the tile directory. This makes it easy to find DEMs of all available resolutions for a single tile. Tile directories store only those resolutions that cover the tile. A single coast-wide Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was envisioned as the product of the California Department of Fish and Game bathymetry development project, but it quickly became evident that the source data necessitated multiple datasets, including: 1) Coast-wide 25, 50, 100 and 200 meter zonal DEMs; 2) 5 meter zonal DEMs for localities supported by high-density source data; 3) Tiled 5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 meter zonal DEMs; and 4) Tiled 25 meter base DEMs. The grid is a resampled compilation of these datasets (available upon request). The bathymetry development project covered most of the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off the coast of California. The actual extent of data is slightly beyond this zone in some areas to account for the 100 km. tiles used to process source data (some tiles extend beyond the EEZ boundary by as much as almost a tile width, or less than 100 km.). To the east, the coverage includes many major inlets along the coast. The tiles also extend north and south of California by less than one tile height. These data are not suitable for navigation purposes. California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 2003. Bathymetric Digital Elevation Model (200 meters): California Coast, 2002. Marine Region GIS Lab. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/ns150wp8904. --BEGIN ORIGINAL METADATA - THIS INFORMATION MAY NOT BE CURRENT-- California Department of Fish and Game BATHYMETRY PROJECT Second Edition This document provides an overall description of the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG) bathymetry development project, including source datasets, processes used, and resulting products. The bathymetry data are not suitable for navigation. DFG makes no warranty as to the suitability of the bathymetry data, and any project-related datasets, for any purpose. In addition to this readme file, other documentation files (text, XML, etc.) may accompany datasets related to this project. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The bathymetry processing methods and documentation were originally developed by the State of California Stephen P. Teale Data Center, GIS Solutions Group (Teale) under DFG direction. Key Teale staff involved in the project included Andy Richardson and Virginia Wong-Coppin. REVISIONS A second edition of the bathymetry data was completed by DFG in August 2002. The second edition data were processed using ARC/INFO GIS software in a Windows 2000 operating system environment and included the following enhancements: - Correction or exclusion of over 1700 miscoded and suspicious Hydrographic Surveys used in the bathymetry development process. - Replacement of older U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute terrestrial elevation data with the newer/higher-quality National Elevation Dataset (NED) for use in nearshore bathymetry interpolation. - Minor adjustments to some of the ARC/INFO software ARC Macro Language (AML) scripts and resolution zone boundaries used to process the bathymetry data. GEOGRAPHIC AREA Bathymetry was developed to cover most of the 200 nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) off the coast of California. The actual extent of data is slightly beyond this zone in some areas to account for the 100 kilometer tiles used to process source data (some tiles extend beyond the EEZ boundary by as much as almost a tile width, or less than 100 KM). To the east, the coverage includes many major inlets along the coast. The tiles also extend north and south of California by less than 1 tile height. VITAL STATISTICS Data Format: ESRI grid (DEMs) Horizontal Datum: NAD27 (spheroid: Clarke 1866) Projection: Albers conic equal area Units: Meters Z-Units (depth values): Decimeters (land coded as zero) 1st Std. Parallel: 34 00 00 (34.0 degrees N) 2nd Std. Parallel: 40 30 00 (40.5 degrees N) Longitude of Origin: -120 00 00 (120.0 degrees W) Latitude of Origin: 00 00 00 (0.0 degrees) False Easting: 0 False Northing: -4000000 RESULTING PRODUCTS Initially a single coastwide Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was evisioned to be the product resulting from this project. Upon commencing the project it became evident that due to the nature of the source data multiple datasets were appropriate. These include: 1. Coastwide 25, 50, 100, and 200 meter zonal DEMs 2. 5 meter zonal DEMs for localities supported by high-density source data 3. Tiled 5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 meter zonal DEMs 4. Tiled 25 meter base DEMs The coastwide 25-200 meter zonal DEMs are based on the fact that there is a wide variation in the density of the source data. Where data were dense, a 25 meter zonal DEM was generated. Where data were sparse, a 200 meter zonal DEM was generated. The 50 and 100 meter zonal DEMs represent intermediate densities. Though "coastwide", data in these DEMs do not overlap, however together they cover the entire study area. These 25, 50, 100, and 200 meter "zones" were defined by plotting the source data on paper, visually identifying and hand drafting zone boundaries based on data density, then capturing the boundaries in digital format. The 5 meter zonal DEMs correspond to areas where source data are particularly dense. These areas were identified by visually scanning the source data on-screen, and "heads up" digitizing the boundaries. These DEMs differ from the 25-200 meter zonal DEMs in that they were processed using different tolerances and that they were not merged into a single coastwide zonal DEM (due to resolution / storage constraints). These DEMs are available named by geographic localities or as tiled data. The tiled 5-200 meter zonal DEMs are simply the coastwide zonal DEMs (or individual 5 meter zonal DEMs) clipped to a 7500 meter buffered tile extent and stored in the tile directory. This makes it easy for a user to find DEMs of all available resolutions for a single tile. Tile directories store only those resolutions that cover the tile. The tiled 25 meter base DEMs are intermediate products used to generate the 25-200 meter zonal DEMs. These have proven useful as a source for generating contours and depth range polygons. They are also useful for visualizing and analyzing small geographic areas, though the user must understand that the source data do not necessarily support 25 meter resolution. These DEMs are tile-wide in extent, and are available clipped to the tile boundary (dembase) and buffered 7500 meters beyond the tile (dembaseb). An available georeferenced map image (bathy_map.jpg with bathy_map.jgw world file) shows spatial distribution, tile numbers, and resolution zones of the DEM data. SOURCE DATA Four sources of depth/elevation data were used to create the bathymetric DEMs: 1. Hydrographic Survey Data version 4.0, National Ocean Service (NOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. Dataset name = hydsura (ESRI coverage format). 2. U.S. Geological Survey bathymetric contours for the California EEZ - 100m contours from 200m to maximum depth. Dataset name = eezbata (ESRI coverage format). 3. 30 meter terrestrial DEM based on the National Elevation Dataset (NED), U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. Dataset name = dema (ESRI grid format). 4. 1:24,000-scale State of California Coastline, State Lands Commission, State of California. Dataset name = rawclipa (ESRI coverage format). The NOS Hydrographic Surveys were the primary nearshore depth data used to create the bathymetric DEMs. These data represent multiple historical ship transects and were imported to ARC/INFO as a set of over 6 million points. Sampling density is quite variable, as close as a few meters in inland bays and as far apart as hundreds or thousands of meters away from the coast. The Hydrographic Surveys were processed as-is and not filtered to model a particular range of dates. The U.S. Geological Survey bathymetric contours were provided by the U. S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Team. The original dataset known as "eezbatcall" was reprojected by DFG to the California (Teale) Albers projection. The coverage provided contours from 200 meters to maximum depth for the California EEZ area. The contours were digitized from various small-scale (approximately 1:1,000,000) U.S. Geological Survey maps. The 30 meter terrestrial DEM was used to allow continuous gridding along the coast. Though there is no land area included in the resulting products, the bathymetry gridding process requires sampling data beyond the edge of the resulting grid to smoothly interpolate depth/elevation along the edge. The NED terrestrial DEM data were distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey then processed and re-distributed by Teale. The 1:24,000 coastline was used to define land and water areas and as source depth points of "0". This results in a well-defined coastline in the bathymetric DEMs. The original State Lands Commission coastline coverage was modified by Teale for project purposes. PROCESSING DATA In addition to the source depth/elevation data, a number of datasets were used to control processing. These include: 1. TILE100KM 2. RES_ZONES 3. RAWCLIPA 4. M5_ZONES TILE100KM is a set of 100 kilometer square (10,000 square kilometers) tiles used to split the entire EEZ into 75 managable processing areas. Many of the resulting datasets are also stored by these tiles. RES_ZONES are zones corresponding to the density of source data that were used to determine the resolution of the resulting zonal DEMs (5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 meters). RAWCLIPA contains a set of polygons that define which areas are water and which areas are land. This dataset serves two functions in the gridding process. Coastlines are extracted, converted to a set of points with a depth value of "0", merged with the Hydrographic Surveys, U.S. Geological Survey bathymetric contours, terrestrial DEMs, and gridded. When gridding is complete, land polygons are pulled from this dataset and used to blank out the resulting DEM. M5_ZONES are areas where the Hydrographic Surveys support 5 meter gridding. The final products include a single 5 meter zonal DEM for each polygon in this dataset. PROCESSING METHODOLOGY The primary engine behind the gridding process is the ARC/INFO TOPOGRID tool. TOPOGRID uses an iterative finite difference interpolation technique that is essentially a discretized thin plate spline technology. It is based upon the ANUDEM program developed my Michael Hutchinson. The online help for TOPOGRID contains the following references: Hutchinson, M.F. 1988. Calculation of hydrologically sound digital elevation models. Third International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling, Sydney. Columbus, Ohio: International Geographic Union. Hutchinson, M.F. 1989. A new procedure for gridding elevation and stream line data with automatic removal of spurious pits. Journal of Hydrology: 106, 211-232. Hutchinson, M.F. and Dowling, T.I. 1991. A continental hydrological assessment of a new grid-based digital elevation model of Australia. Hydrological Processes 5: 45-58. Hutchinson, M.F. 1993. Development of a continent-wide DEM with applications to terrain and climate analysis. In: M.F. Goodchild et al (eds), Environmental Modeling with GIS. New York, Oxford University Press: 392-399. Wahba, G. 1990. Spline models for Observational data. CBMS-NSF Regional Conference Series in Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia: Soc. Ind. Appl. Maths. The following TOPOGRID parameters were used to create the 25-200 meter DEMs: DATATYPE SPOT ENFORCE OFF ITERATIONS 30 TOLERANCES 2.5 1.5 10 XYZLIMITS %LIMITS% (%LIMITS% = bounding box of buffered tile) The following TOPOGRID parameters were used to create the 5 meter DEMs: BOUNDARY XXZONE (XXZONE is the 5 meter zone polygon) DATATYPE SPOT ENFORCE OFF ITERATIONS 30 TOLERANCES 2.5 1.5 2.5 XYZLIMITS %LIMITS% (%LIMITS% is 50 meters beyond the 5 meter zone polygon bounding box) The processing logic applied to each of the 75 tiles to create the 25-200 meter DEMs was: - Receive the tile number to process - Create a results directory corresponding to the tile number - Extract the tile from TILE100KM - Buffer the tile 10 KM - Using the buffered tile, clip out: - RES_ZONES - RAWCLIPA (land water polygons) - Hydrographic Surveys - Coastlines (from RAWCLIPA) - Convert to points - Terrestrial DEM (if tile covers land area) - Convert to points - U. S. Geological Survey bathymetric contours (if tile covers 200 meter zone) - Merge all point coverages - Run TOPOGRID to create 25 meter DEM covering buffered tile area - Blank out land areas - Clip to 7500 meters beyond tile boundary; store in tile directory - Clip to tile boundary; store in tile directory - For each resolution zone covered by the tile: - Clip out area from buffered DEM - Resample to appropriate resolution for zone (using bilinear interpolation) - Blank out land areas - Store in tile directory The process used to create the 5 meter DEMs is: - For each polygon in M5_ZONES: - Create a coverage containing a single rectangle polygon 50 meters (10 5 meter cells) larger than the zone polygon - Using the rectangle, clip out: - RAWCLIPA (land water polygons) - Hydrographic Surveys - Coastlines (from RAWCLIPA) - Convert to points - Terrestrial DEM (if tile covers land area) - Convert to points - Merge the resulting point coverages - Run TOPOGRID to create 5 meter DEM covering the rectangle - Blank out land areas - Clip to extent of the zone polygon After the original tiled 25 meter base DEMs were created by Teale, shaded reliefs were generated and visually inspected. Miscoded points that resulted in spurious pits or spikes were identified and coded as such. After all errors were corrected for a tile, the DEMs for the tile were re-created and re-inspected. DIRECTORY STRUCTURE The following outline illustrates the directory structure used to process the bathymetry data. When fully populated, the TILEx directories are quite large (several gigabytes). - BATHYMETRY - AMLS (ARC/INFO AML data processing scripts) - DATA (source and processing data) - PROCESS (bathymetry processed here) - RESULTS (contains various results directories) - METER5 (5 meter zonal DEMs, named by localities) - OTHER (empty) - STATE (25, 50, 100, 200 meter coastwide zonal DEMs) - TILES (contains tile1-tile75 directories) - TILEx (contains tiled and base DEMs) - DEMBASE (25 meter base DEM clipped to tile) - DEMBASEB (25 meter base DEM buffered 7500 meters beyond tile) - DEM5 (5 meter zonal DEM buffered 7500 meters beyond tile) - DEM25 (25 meter zonal DEM buffered 7500 meters beyond tile) - DEM50 (50 meter zonal DEM buffered 7500 meters beyond tile) - DEM100 (100 meter zonal DEM buffered 7500 meters beyond tile) - DEM200 (200 meter zonal DEM buffered 7500 meters beyond tile) DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT The following are subjective comments regarding the data. Because the bathymetry data were generated from a variety of sources at varying scales, overall accuracy is difficult to assess. The data have not been thoroughly reviewed. Depth values should be corroborated with other sources. Some "artifacts" are present in the data, and may be especially noticeable along resolution zone and tile boundaries where differing data sources may not have provided a smooth interpolation transition. Additional errors may be present. Source Hydrographic Survey data originated from many historical surveys and thus do not necessarily represent current hydrologic conditions. For accuracy assessments of Hydrographic Survey data, please reference the documentation for that product. DEM depth values are of particular questionable quality in the following areas. Other problem areas may exist. - Nearshore areas north of Mack Pt. (southern Oregon). Source terrestrial elevation data was missing for this area but depth values were still interpolated to the shoreline. - Nearshore, Gulf of the Farallones area, south of Stormy Stack and north of Muir Beach out to about -25 meters depth. Source depth data was missing for this area but depth values were still interpolated to the shoreline. - Nearshore areas south of the California border out to -200 meters depth. Source depth and terrestrial elevation data were missing for this area but depth values were still interpolated to the shoreline. - Any depth values outside of the gridding resolution zones. Cross-reference the "tile100km" and "res_zones" coverages used in data processing to determine areas within tiled DEMs that are outside the resolution zones. The georeferenced map image (bathy_map.jpg with bathy_map.jgw world file) can also be used for this purpose. - San Diego Bay. Source data were missing for portions of the bay but depth values were still interpolated. ACCESS LIMITATIONS None. Acknowledgement of the Bathymetry Project in products derived from the data is appreciated. DATA CONTACT Will Patterson California Department of Fish and Game Information Technology Branch GIS Service Center Sacramento, CA Voice: (916) 323-1484 Fax: (916) 323-1431 Email: wpatters@dfg.ca.gov Readme Version 2002.08.23 --END ORIGINAL METADATA-- This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.

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  2. Title: Mei guo san fan shi hua qiao qu : xiang xi tu = Map of San Francisco Chinatown. Published September, 1929. Compiled by J. P. Wong (Raster Image)

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    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced image of an original lithograph map with 2 insets, showing the extent of Chinatown in San Francisco and, in the second inset map, the extent of Oakland's Chinatown. Drawn by J. P. Wong. The main map is in Mandarin and English. Oriented with north towards lower right. It is the first map made by Chinese Americans of San Francisco for the Chinese community. The map depicts the largest Chinatown in North America during the Roaring '20s, an especially dramatic period in the neighborhood's history. It shows city blocks and building lots, each with appropriate street address numbers. The map was made for the Benevolent Association also known as the Chinese Six companies formed in 1882. The map is horizontally centered on Grant Street the heart of the neighborhood, bordered by Bush Street, Broadway Street on the north, Powell Street on the west, and Montgomery Street on the east. The street names and a few properties are in English, all other Chinese businesses and residence are in Chinese. This copy with applied water color showing Chinatown as delineated in Willard B. Farwell's 1885 large folding map "Official map of Chinatown in San Francisco Chinatown" made for the Board of Supervisors reporting on the condition of the Chinese Quarter and the Chinese of San Francisco (see our 6714.000). The 1885 map was also issued in smaller size in the San Francisco Municipal Report of 1884-85 (see our 5807.000). The color scheme on this 1929 map appears to be updated significantly from the 1885 map. Some of the updating may relate to the rebuilding of Chinatown after the 1906 earthquake. It is possible that the color was not applied in the original publishing, but later by someone else This project traces the history of urban planning in San Francisco, placing special emphasis on unrealized schemes. Rather than using visual material simply to illustrate outcomes, Imagined San Francisco uses historical plans, maps, architectural renderings, and photographs to show what might have been. By enabling users to layer a series of urban plans, the project presents the city not only as a sequence of material changes, but also as a contingent process and a battleground for political power. Savvy institutional actors--like banks, developers, and many public officials--understood that in some cases to clearly articulate their interests would be to invite challenges. That means that textual sources like newspapers and municipal reports are limited in what they can tell researchers about the shape of political power. Urban plans, however, often speak volumes about interests and dynamics upon which textual sources remain silent. Mortgage lenders, for example, apparently thought it unwise to state that they wished to see a poor neighborhood cleared, to be replaced with a freeway onramp. Yet visual analysis of planning proposals makes that interest plain. So in the process of showing how the city might have looked, Imagined San Francisco also shows how political power actually was negotiated and exercised. Wong, J.P. (2021). Mei guo san fan shi hua qiao qu : xiang xi tu = Map of San Francisco Chinatown. Published September, 1929. Compiled by J. P. Wong (Raster Image). Stanford University. Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/pt740jp0404 This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.

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  3. Title: Cup Coral Predicted Distribution: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009

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    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image showing the predicted distribution of cup corals in the Santa Barbara Channel region of California. This map showing the predicted distribution of cup corals in the Santa Barbara Channel is published in Scientific Investigations Map 3225, "California State Waters Map Series--Hueneme Canyon and Vicinity, California" (see sheet 12). Presence-absence data of benthic macro-invertebrates and associated habitat (that is, sediment type and depth) were collected using a towed camera sled in selected areas along the coast off southern California during a ground-truth observation cruise conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey and NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service for the California Seafloor Mapping Program. Benthic community structure was determined from 35 video towed-camera transects within California's State Waters 3-nautical-mile limit in the Santa Barbara Channel. These transects produced a total of 923 10-second observations from the Offshore of Refugio Beach map area (34.5 degrees N., 120.1 degrees W.) to the Hueneme Canyon and vicinity map area (34.1 degrees N., 119.2 degrees W.). Presence-absence data were collected for 29 benthic, structure-forming nonmobile taxa. Using this information, generalized linear models (GLMs) were developed to predict the probability of occurrence of five commonly observed taxa (cup corals, hydroids, short and tall sea pens, and brittle stars in the sediment) in five map areas within the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC). A sixth map area (offshore Carpinteria) was not modeled owing to insufficient data. The analysis demonstrates that the community structure for the five map areas can be divided into three statistically distinct groups: (1) the Hueneme Canyon and vicinity and the Offshore of Ventura map areas; (2) the Offshore of Santa Barbara and the Offshore of Coal Oil Point map areas; and (3) the Offshore of Refugio Beach map area. These three distinct groups are the main reason that the probability for each taxa can be so dramatically different within one predictive-distribution map area. The five most frequently observed benthic macro-invertebrate taxa were selected for the these predictive-distribution grids. Presence-absence data for each selected invertebrate were fit to specific generalized linear models using geographic location, depth, and seafloor character as covariates. Data for the covariates were informed by the data presented in sheet 2 (shaded-relief bathymetry), sheet 5 (seafloor-character map), and sheet 6 (ground-truth studies) of the five SIM publications of the Santa Barbara Channel region that are part of the California State Waters Map Series. Observations based on depth were limited by the capability of the towed camera sled; as a result, no predictions were made below depths of 150 m (in other words, on the continental slope or in Hueneme Canyon). Cup corals and hydroids had high predicted probabilities of occurrence in areas of hard substrata, whereas short and tall sea pens were predicted to occur in parts of the SBC that had unconsolidated and mixed sediment. Our model predicted that brittle stars would occur throughout the entire SBC on various bottom types. This layer is part of USGS Data Series 781. In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP) to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. CSMP has divided coastal California into 110 map blocks, each to be published individually as United States Geological Survey Open-File Reports (OFRs) or Scientific Investigations Maps (SIMs) at a scale of 1:24,000. Maps display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats and illustrate both the seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. Data layers for bathymetry, bathymetric contours, acoustic backscatter, seafloor character, potential benthic habitat and offshore geology were created for each map block, as well as regional-scale data layers for sediment thickness, depth to transition, transgressive contours, isopachs, predicted distributions of benthic macro-invertebrates and visual observations of benthic habitat from video cruises over the entire state. The purpose of this work is to construct nine potential marine benthic habitat maps characterized after Greene et al. (1999, 2007). These habitat maps are constructed in the same manner as the maps completed for phase I of the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP). These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. This information is not intended for navigational purposes.The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic and oceanographic information. Additionally, this coverage can provide a geologic map for the public and geoscience community to aid in assessments and mitigation of geologic hazards in the coastal region and sufficient geologic information for land-use and land-management decisions both onshore and offshore. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. U.S. Geological Survey. (2013). Cup Coral Predicted Distribution: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009. California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 781. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/zt927jm6920. This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.

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  4. Title: Sediment Thickness: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009

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    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image showing the sediment-thickness map of the Santa Barbara Channel region in California. This sediment-thickness map of the Santa Barbara Channel is published in Scientific Investigations Map 3225, "California State Waters Map Series--Hueneme Canyon and Vicinity, California" (see sheet 9). As part of the USGS's California Seafloor Mapping Program, a 50-m grid of sediment thickness for the seafloor within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters from the Offshore of Refugio Beach map area to the Hueneme Canyon and vicinity map area was generated from seismic-reflection profile data, collected in 2007 (USGS cruise Z-3-07-SC) and 2008 (USGS cruise S-7-08-SC), supplemented with outcrop and geologic structure data (see sheets 8, 10, SIM 3225). The resulting grid covers an area of approximately 600 sq km. The volume of sediment accumulated since the Last Glacial Maximum is approximately 9,000 million cubic meters. This layer is part of USGS Data Series 781. In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP) to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. CSMP has divided coastal California into 110 map blocks, each to be published individually as United States Geological Survey Open-File Reports (OFRs) or Scientific Investigations Maps (SIMs) at a scale of 1:24,000. Maps display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats and illustrate both the seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. Data layers for bathymetry, bathymetric contours, acoustic backscatter, seafloor character, potential benthic habitat and offshore geology were created for each map block, as well as regional-scale data layers for sediment thickness, depth to transition, transgressive contours, isopachs, predicted distributions of benthic macro-invertebrates and visual observations of benthic habitat from video cruises over the entire state. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. This information is not intended for navigational purposes.The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic and oceanographic information. U.S. Geological Survey. (2013). Sediment Thickness: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009. California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 781. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/ht607nx8793. Sediment thickness and volume within each of the map areas: > 62 (Offshore of Refugio Beach) -120.19308, 34.37821, -119.99299, 34.54394 > 63 (Offshore of Coal Oil Point) -120.00703, 34.33620, -119.80704, 34.50193 > 64 (Offshore of Santa Barbara) -119.81596, 34.32279, -119.61634, 34.48824 > 65 (Offshore of Carpinteria) -119.62566, 34.28801, -119.42646, 34.45318 > 66 (Offshore of Ventura) -119.44808, 34.21495, -119.24937, 34.37985 > 67 (Hueneme Canyon and vicinity) -119.33785, 34.05822, -119.13973, 34.22296 > volume > map ------sediment thickness------ area (million > block MIN MAX MEAN STD (sq km) cu m) > 62 0.0 12.3 2.7 2.8 97 258 > 63 0.0 16.6 4.0 4.1 100 402 > 64 0.0 15.5 3.1 3.2 99 308 > 65 0.0 45.0 10.9 9.5 97 1060 > 66 0.0 56.6 34.1 12.9 105 3584 > 67 19.0 48.6 36.0 5.2 95 3421 > Total 594 9034 Additional information about the field activities from which this data set was derived are available online at > http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/z/z307sc/html/z-3-07-sc.meta.html > http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s708sc/html/s-7-08-sc.meta.html Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.

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  5. Title: Transgressive Contours: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009

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    Summary: This line shapefile contains transgressive contours at 5 meter intervals for the area within the 3-nautical limit around the Santa Barbara Channel in California. As part of the USGS's California State Waters Mapping Project, a 50-m grid of depth to the transgressive surface of the last glacial maximum was generated for the 3-mile offshore region. Source data include multibeam bathymetric data and seismic-reflection profile data, collected in 2007 (USGS cruise Z-3-07-SC) and 2008 (USGS cruise S-7-08-SC), supplemented with outcrop and geologic structure data. The resulting grid covers an area of approximately 600 sq km. The depth to the transgressive surface of the Last Glacial Maximum ranges between 12 and 190 meters. A map that shows these data is published in Scientific Investigations Map 3225, "California State Waters Map Series--Hueneme Canyon and Vicinity, California." This layer is part of USGS Data Series 781. In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP) to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. CSMP has divided coastal California into 110 map blocks, each to be published individually as United States Geological Survey Open-File Reports (OFRs) or Scientific Investigations Maps (SIMs) at a scale of 1:24,000. Maps display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats and illustrate both the seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. Data layers for bathymetry, bathymetric contours, acoustic backscatter, seafloor character, potential benthic habitat and offshore geology were created for each map block, as well as regional-scale data layers for sediment thickness, depth to transition, transgressive contours, isopachs, predicted distributions of benthic macro-invertebrates and visual observations of benthic habitat from video cruises over the entire state. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. This information is not intended for navigational purposes.The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic and oceanographic information. U.S. Geological Survey. (2013). Transgressive Contours (50m): Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009. California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 781. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/hx190rb5218. Depth to transgressive surface of Last Glacial Maximum in individual map blocks: > Offshore of Refugio Beach -120.19308, 34.37821, -119.99299, 34.54394 > Offshore of Coal Oil Point -120.00703, 34.33620, -119.80704, 34.50193 > Offshore of Santa Barbara -119.81596, 34.32279, -119.61634, 34.48824 > Offshore of Carpinteria -119.62566, 34.28801, -119.42646, 34.45318 > Offshore of Ventura -119.44808, 34.21495, -119.24937, 34.37985 > Hueneme Canyon and vicinity -119.33785, 34.05822, -119.13973, 34.22296 > map area depth to transgressive surface > block (sq km) MIN MAX MEAN STD > Offshore of Refugio Beach 97 -101.8 -22.6 -61.9 16.5 > Offshore of Coal Oil Point 100 -190.0 -14.7 -67.4 29.0 > Offshore of Santa Barbara 99 -78.8 -12.5 -48.8 17.4 > Offshore of Carpinteria 97 -83.9 -12.2 -40.6 15.0 > Offshore of Ventura 105 -87.9 -12.0 -55.2 17.3 > Hueneme Canyon and vicinity 110 -169.5 -42.5 -61.4 14.7 Additional information about the field activities from which this data set was derived are available online at > http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/z/z307sc/html/z-3-07-sc.meta.html > http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s708sc/html/s-7-08-sc.meta.html Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.

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  6. Title: Depth to Transition: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the depth to transition (base) map of uppermost Pleistocene and Holocene sediments in the Santa Barbara Channel in California. As part of the USGS's California State Waters Mapping Project, a 20-m grid of depth to the transgressive surface of the last glacial maximum (LGM) was generated for the areas within the 3-nautical mile limit of the channel. The depth to base of the post-LGM unit was generated by adding sediment thickness data to water depths determined by multibeam bathymetry. The resulting grid covers an area of approximately 600 sq km. The depth to the transgressive surface of the LGM ranges between 12 and 190 meters. A map that shows these data is published in Scientific Investigations Map 3225, "California State Waters Map Series--Hueneme Canyon and Vicinity, California." This layer is part of USGS Data Series 781. In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP) to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. CSMP has divided coastal California into 110 map blocks, each to be published individually as United States Geological Survey Open-File Reports (OFRs) or Scientific Investigations Maps (SIMs) at a scale of 1:24,000. Maps display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats and illustrate both the seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. Data layers for bathymetry, bathymetric contours, acoustic backscatter, seafloor character, potential benthic habitat and offshore geology were created for each map block, as well as regional-scale data layers for sediment thickness, depth to transition, transgressive contours, isopachs, predicted distributions of benthic macro-invertebrates and visual observations of benthic habitat from video cruises over the entire state. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. This information is not intended for navigational purposes.The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic and oceanographic information. U.S. Geological Survey. (2013). Depth to Transition: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009. California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 781. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/tc454hf8477. Depth to transgressive surface of Last Glacial Maximum in individual map blocks: > 62 (Offshore of Refugio Beach) -120.19308, 34.37821, -119.99299, 34.54394 > 63 (Offshore of Coal Oil Point) -120.00703, 34.33620, -119.80704, 34.50193 > 64 (Offshore of Santa Barbara) -119.81596, 34.32279, -119.61634, 34.48824 > 65 (Offshore of Carpinteria) -119.62566, 34.28801, -119.42646, 34.45318 > 66 (Offshore of Ventura) -119.44808, 34.21495, -119.24937, 34.37985 > 67 (Hueneme Canyon and vicinity) -119.33785, 34.05822, -119.13973, 34.22296 > map area depth to transgressive surface > block (sq km) MIN MAX MEAN STD > 62 97 -101.8 -22.6 -61.9 16.5 > 63 100 -190.0 -14.7 -67.4 29.0 > 64 99 -78.8 -12.5 -48.8 17.4 > 65 97 -83.9 -12.2 -40.6 15.0 > 66 105 -87.9 -12.0 -55.2 17.3 > 67 110 -169.5 -42.5 -61.4 14.7 Additional information about the field activities from which this data set was derived are available online at > http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/z/z307sc/html/z-3-07-sc.meta.html > http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s708sc/html/s-7-08-sc.meta.html Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.

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  7. Title: Isopachs: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009

    Contributors:

    Summary: This line shapefile contains isopachs (contour lines of equal thickness) at 2.5 meter intervals for the areas within the 3-nautical mile limit around the Santa Barbara Channel in California. As part of the USGS's California State Waters Mapping Project, a 20-m grid of depth to the transgressive surface of the last glacial maximum (LGM) was generated for the 3-mile offshore region. . Source data include seismic-reflection profile data, collected in 2007 (USGS cruise Z-3-07-SC) and 2008 (USGS cruise S-7-08-SC), supplemented with outcrop and geologic structure data. The resulting grid covers an area of approximately 600 sq km. The volume of sediment accumulated since the LGM is approximately 9,000 million cubic meters. A map that shows these data is published in Scientific Investigations Map 3225, "California State Waters Map Series--Hueneme Canyon and Vicinity, California." This layer is part of USGS Data Series 781. In 2007, the California Ocean Protection Council initiated the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP) to create a comprehensive seafloor map of high-resolution bathymetry, marine benthic habitats and geology within the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. CSMP has divided coastal California into 110 map blocks, each to be published individually as United States Geological Survey Open-File Reports (OFRs) or Scientific Investigations Maps (SIMs) at a scale of 1:24,000. Maps display seafloor morphology and character, identify potential marine benthic habitats and illustrate both the seafloor geology and shallow (to about 100 m) subsurface geology. Data layers for bathymetry, bathymetric contours, acoustic backscatter, seafloor character, potential benthic habitat and offshore geology were created for each map block, as well as regional-scale data layers for sediment thickness, depth to transition, transgressive contours, isopachs, predicted distributions of benthic macro-invertebrates and visual observations of benthic habitat from video cruises over the entire state. These data are intended for science researchers, students, policy makers, and the general public. This information is not intended for navigational purposes.The data can be used with geographic information systems (GIS) software to display geologic and oceanographic information. U.S. Geological Survey. (2013). Isopachs: Santa Barbara Channel, California, 2009. California State Waters Map Series Data Catalog: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 781. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/mp642qs6720. Sediment thickness and volume within each of the map areas > Offshore of Refugio Beach -120.19308, 34.37821, -119.99299, 34.54394 > Offshore of Coal Oil Point -120.00703, 34.33620, -119.80704, 34.50193 > Offshore of Santa Barbara -119.81596, 34.32279, -119.61634, 34.48824 > Offshore of Carpinteria -119.62566, 34.28801, -119.42646, 34.45318 > Offshore of Ventura -119.44808, 34.21495, -119.24937, 34.37985 > Hueneme Canyon and vicinity -119.33785, 34.05822, -119.13973, 34.22296 > volume > map ---sediment thickness--- area (million > block MIN MAX MEAN STD (sq km) cu m) > Offshore of Refugio Beach 0.0 12.3 2.7 2.8 97 258 > Offshore of Coal Oil Point 0.0 16.6 4.0 4.1 100 402 > Offshore of Santa Barbara 0.0 15.5 3.1 3.2 99 308 > Offshore of Carpinteria 0.0 45.0 10.9 9.5 97 1060 > Offshore of Ventura 0.0 56.6 34.1 12.9 105 3584 > Hueneme Canyon and vicinity 19.0 48.6 36.0 5.2 95 3421 > Total 594 9034 Additional information about the field activities from which this data set was derived are available online at > http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/z/z307sc/html/z-3-07-sc.meta.html > http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/s/s708sc/html/s-7-08-sc.meta.html Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the data set in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcInfo format, this metadata file may include some ArcInfo-specific terminology. This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.

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  8. Title: Map of West Virginia showing state routes and the more important county-district roads

    Contributors:

    Summary: Shows road conditions overprinted in red, with numbers keyed to index.; Includes indexes and distance chart.; Motor vehicle laws, descriptive points of interest, and 23 local route maps on verso. 53 x 60 centimeters Scale approximately 1:696,960; 1 inch = about 11 miles General Map Collection

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  9. Title: Map of West Virginia showing state routes and the more important county-district roads

    Contributors:

    Summary: Shows road conditions overprinted in red, with numbers keyed to index.; Includes indexes and distance chart.; Motor vehicle laws, descriptive points of interest, and 23 local route maps on verso. 53 x 60 centimeters Scale approximately 1:696,960; 1 inch = about 11 miles General Map Collection

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  10. Title: Winter under a southern sky: resorts on and reached via the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia railway system

    Contributors:

    Summary: Relief shown by shading. Panel title: Winter under a southern sky : routes of the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia railway system. Ancillary maps: Map of the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia railway system -- Birds eye view showing south bound route of the East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia railway system. "Numbers under the larger cities indicate population according to census 1890."

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