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  1. Title: Climate-biome envelope model for the Western Great Lakes Region

    Contributors:

    Summary: Research Highlights: We modeled climate-biome envelopes at high resolution in the Western Great Lakes Region for recent and future time-periods. The projected biome shifts, in conjunction with heterogeneous distribution of protected land, may create both great challenges for conservation of particular ecosystems and novel conservation opportunities. Background and Objectives: Climate change this century will affect the distribution and relative abundance of ecological communities against a mostly static background of protected land. We developed a climate-biome envelope model using a priori climate-vegetation relationships for the Western Great Lakes Region (Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan USA and adjacent Ontario, Canada) to predict potential biomes and ecotones—boreal forest, mixed forest, temperate forest, prairie–forest border, and prairie—for a recent climate normal period (1979–2013) and future conditions (2061–2080). Materials and Methods: We analyzed six scenarios, two representative concentration pathways (RCP)—4.5 and 8.5, and three global climate models to represent cool, average, and warm scenarios to predict climate-biome envelopes for 2061–2080. To assess implications of the changes for conservation, we analyzed the amount of land with climate suited for each of the biomes and ecotones both region-wide and within protected areas, under current and future conditions. Results: Recent biome boundaries were accurately represented by the climate-biome envelope model. The modeled future conditions show at least a 96% loss in areas suitable for the boreal and mixed forest from the region, but likely gains in areas suitable for temperate forest, prairie–forest border, and prairie. The analysis also showed that protected areas in the region will most likely lose most or all of the area, 18,692 km2, currently climatically suitable for boreal forest. This would represent an enormous conservation loss. However, conversely, the area climatically suitable for prairie and prairie–forest border within protected areas would increase up to 12.5 times the currently suitable 1775 km2. Conclusions: These results suggest that retaining boreal forest in potential refugia where it currently exists and facilitating transition of some forests to prairie, oak savanna, and temperate forest should both be conservation priorities in the northern part of the region. Data included here are the R code used to process the publicly available CHELSA data (see publications for citation) into the biome-climate envelope product (as .R files and .txt files) and the climate-biome envelope product itself (as .tif files).

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  2. Title: Map of Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Iowa.

    Contributors:

    Summary: Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. "12"--Lower right. Though likely produced in 1873, county boundaries shown date from some time in the 1860s. Likely from: The people's pictorial atlas / Jones and Hamilton, 1873. 42 x 30 centimeters Scale approximately 1:3,500,000 General Map Collection

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  3. Title: Connecticut.

    Contributors:

    Summary: Connecticut--Maps

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  4. Title: Map of San Francisco, Cal.

    Contributors:

    Summary: 1 map ; on sheet 34 x 41 cm North is oriented towards the lower right. Includes index of local landmarks, important buildings, and churches. "Entered according to an Act of Congress in the year 1854 by B.F. Butler in the Clerks Office of the District Court of the Northern District of Claifornia."

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  5. Title: Map of the City and County of San Francisco: carefully compiled from recent surveys ... Drawn for the San Francisco News Letter and the Pacific Mining Journal. By James Butler 1864. (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced image of a map of San Francisco from 1864. A scanned version of this map was georeferenced as part of the Imagined San Francisco project. This project traces the history of urban planning in San Francisco, placing special emphasis on unrealized schemes. Rather than using visual material simply to illustrate outcomes, Imagined San Francisco uses historical plans, maps, architectural renderings, and photographs to show what might have been. By enabling users to layer a series of urban plans, the project presents the city not only as a sequence of material changes, but also as a contingent process and a battleground for political power. Savvy institutional actors--like banks, developers, and many public officials--understood that in some cases to clearly articulate their interests would be to invite challenges. That means that textual sources like newspapers and municipal reports are limited in what they can tell researchers about the shape of political power. Urban plans, however, often speak volumes about interests and dynamics upon which textual sources remain silent. Mortgage lenders, for example, apparently thought it unwise to state that they wished to see a poor neighborhood cleared, to be replaced with a freeway onramp. Yet visual analysis of planning proposals makes that interest plain. So in the process of showing how the city might have looked, Imagined San Francisco also shows how political power actually was negotiated and exercised. Butler, J. (2021). Map of the City and County of San Francisco: carefully compiled from recent surveys ... Drawn for the San Francisco News Letter and the Pacific Mining Journal. By James Butler 1864.. (Raster Image). Stanford University. Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis. Available at: http://purl.stanford.edu/xj983zr6622 This layer is presented in the WGS84 coordinate system for web display purposes. Downloadable data are provided in native coordinate system or projection.

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  6. Title: Groton and Ayer, Massachusetts, 1829 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A map of the town of Groton, Middlesex County, Mass. : from a survey made in the years 1828 & 1829, by Caleb Butler, surveyor. It was published by Pendleton's Lithography, ca. 1832. Scale [ca. 1:20,500]. Covers also the town of Ayer, Massachusetts. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes notes. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

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  7. Title: Map of Jennings County

    Contributors:

    Summary: Cadastral map showing landowners.; Includes chart of Jennings County statistics, 1930-1935, and lists of Board of County Commissioners, Board of County Councilman, and county officials. Scale approximately 1:95,000. Not 2 inches = 1 mile.

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  8. Title: Map and directory of Camp Patterson Park [Baltimore, Maryland] One Hundred and Tenth Regiment of New York Volunteers. Col. D.C. Littlejohn, commanding

    Contributors:

    Summary: Detailed map indicating position of tents, principal buildings, wagon roads, and "earthwork intrenchments of the War of 1812."; Tents are keyed by number to a list of occupants printed at the sides and bottom of the map.; Includes portraits of nine officers of the regiment.; Includes coloration of cartouches around title, addition of an illustration of tents, and text headings.; Description derived from published bibliography. on sheet 63 x 51 centimeters Scale 1:360 City Maps

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  9. Title: San Francisco, California, 1863 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of the City & County of San Francisco : carefully compiled from recent surveys, including all new additions of cities, towns, and villas, delineating the lines of ranchos, private claims water works, railroads, &c. &c., drawn for the San Francisco News Letter and the Pacific Mining Journal by James Butler. It was published by Britton & Co. in 1863. Scale [1:15,840].The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the California State Plane NAD 1983 coordinate system (Zone III) (in Feet) (Fipszone 0403). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, shoreline features, property lots, numbers and landowner names, reserved government properties, ranchos, city boundaries, cemeteries, water works, and more.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  10. Title: Map of Syria in the IV-V-VI centuries

    Contributors:

    Summary: From The Geographical Review, volume IX, no. 2, 1920, PL. I. 44 x 31 Centimeters Scale 1:1,250,000 General Map Collection

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  11. Title: National Highways Map of the United States Showing Principal Transcontinental Highways and Connecting System of one Hundred Thousand Miles of National Highways Proposed by the National Highways Association, 1915

    Contributors:

    Summary: This is a scanned version of the 1915 paper map entitled: National Highways Map of the United States Showing Principal Transcontinental Highways and Connecting System of one Hundred Thousand Miles of National Highways Proposed by the National Highways Association. The map was scanned at 300 dots per inch and is in the TIFF format.

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  12. Title: St. Louis, Missouri and vicinity, 1903 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic, topographic paper map entitled: Saint Louis quadrangle, Missouri - Illinois, [by the] Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey; H. M. Wilson, geographer; topography by Chas. E. Cooke, Wm. O. Tufts, Gilbert Young and City of St. Louis; control by U.S.C. and G.S. and Geo. T. Hawkins. Ed. of Apr. 1904, reprinted 1932. Surveyed 1903. It was published by U.S.G.S. Scale 1:62,500. Covers City of Saint Louis, and portions of Saint Louis County, Missouri, and Saint Clair and Madison Counties, Illinois. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Missouri East State Plane Coordinate System NAD27 (in Feet) (Fipszone 2401). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This is a typical topographic map portraying both natural and manmade features. It shows and names works of nature, such as mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers, vegetation, etc. It also identify the principal works of humans, such as roads, railroads, boundaries, transmission lines, major buildings, etc. Relief is shown with standard contour intervals of 20 feet and spot heights. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

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  13. Title: [Map of timber land in Western Canada] : to accompany paper on the timber belt of northern Alberta and Saskatchewan and the Northwest Territories west of Hudson Bay

    Contributors:

    Summary: Relief shown by spot heights.; Color coded for types of forest, numbers indicate average diameter of trees, includes grid lines, bodies of water, and railroads. 96 x 196 centimeters, folded to 33 x 23 centimeters Scale 1:2,217,600; 1 inch = 35 miles General Map Collection

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  14. Title: Noveau plan topographique de l'agglomération Lyonnaise, 1860 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Noveau plan topographique de l'agglomération Lyonnaise. It was published by: Jn. Bt. Gadola in 1860. Scale [ca. 1:10,000].. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the WGS 1984 UTM Zone 31N (EPSG: 32631) coordinate system. All map features and collar and inset information are shown as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of geographies, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  15. Title: Nile River Delta, Egypt, 1785 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the untitled historic paper map: Basse Egypte, E. Giraud, sculp. It was published by Onfroi in 1785. Scale [ca. 1:550,000]. Covers the Nile River Delta, Egypt. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Lambert Conformal Conic projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, canals, ancient branches of river and canals, cities and other human settlements, monasteries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  16. Title: Central Europe, 1813 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Carte generale d'Allemagne comprenant l'empire d'Autriche, la Confederation du Rhin, le Dannemarck, la Prusse et la Pologne, une partie de la Suede, des empires de France, de Russie et de Turquie : avec l'indication des principales routes de ces etats et du theatre de la guerre, gravee par E. Collin. It was published by Direction generale de l'imprimerie in 1813. Scale [ca. 1:2,350,000]. Covers primarily Central Europe and adjacent portions of Europe. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Europe Lambert Conformal Conic coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Includes inset of Saint Petersburg.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

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  17. Title: Hanover, Massachusetts, 1849 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Map of Hanover, Mass., surveyed by order of the town by E. Whiting. It was published by J.H. Buford & Co.'s Lith. in 1849. Scale [ca. 1:19,800]. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Massachusetts State Plane Coordinate System, Mainland Zone (in Feet) (Fipszone 2001). All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, public buildings, schools, churches, cemeteries, industry locations (e.g. mills, factories, mines, etc.), private buildings with names of property owners, town district boundaries, and more. Relief shown by hachures.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps of Massachusetts from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates (1755-1922), scales, and purposes. The digitized selection includes maps of: the state, Massachusetts counties, town surveys, coastal features, real property, parks, cemeteries, railroads, roads, public works projects, etc.

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  18. Title: Balkan Peninsula, 1908 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Die Balkan-Halbinsel in 4 Blattern : Turkei, Rumanien, Griechenland, Serbien, Montenegro, Bulgarien, entworfen von C. Vogel ; bearbeitet von B. Domann ; gestochen von Kern, Kuhn u. Weiler. It was published by Justus Perthes in 1908. Scale 1:1,500,000. Covers the Balkan Peninsula. Map in German. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the a modified 'Europe Lambert Conformal Conic' projection with a central meridian of 24 degrees East projection. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, cities and other human settlements, roads, railroads,canals, fortifications, ports, ruins, territorial boundaries, shoreline features, and more. Relief shown by hachures. Depths shown by bathymetry. Includes insets: Constantinopel (Scale 1:150,000) -- Athens und Piraeus (Scale 1:150,000) -- Das Nordliche Rumanien im Anschluss and die Hauptkarte (Scale 1:1,500,000) -- Strasse der Dardanellen (Scale 1:150,000) -- Der Bosporus (Scale 1:150,000). This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Islamic Heritage Project. Maps selected for the project represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes. The Islamic Heritage Project consists of over 100,000 digitized pages from Harvard's collections of Islamic manuscripts and published materials. Supported by Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal and developed in association with the Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Islamic Studies Program at Harvard University.

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  19. Title: Africa, 1890 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Afrique : d'apres les documents les plus recents et les derniers traites, dressee par E. Giffault ; grave et imp. par Erhard Fres. It was published by Le Temps Bureaux in 1890. Scale 1:18,000,000. Map in French. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to a non-standard 'World Sinusoidal' projection with the central meridian at 20 degrees east. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, caravan routes, cities and other human settlements, territorial boundaries, colonial possessions, and more. Relief is shown by hachures and spot heights. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection and the Harvard University Library as part of the Open Collections Program at Harvard University project: Organizing Our World: Sponsored Exploration and Scientific Discovery in the Modern Age. Maps selected for the project correspond to various expeditions and represent a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

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  20. Title: Dublin, Ireland, 1853 (Raster Image)

    Contributors:

    Summary: This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Dublin, drawn by W.B. Clarke, arch[t]; engraved by E. Turrell. It was published under superintendance of the Society of the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge [by] George Cox Jan[y] 1st 1853. Scale [ca.1:85,250]. Covers a portion of Dublin, Ireland. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Irish National Grid coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as roads, railroads, drainage, built-up areas and selected buildings, parks, and more. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from The Harvard Map Collection as part of the Imaging the Urban Environment project. Maps selected for this project represent major urban areas and cities of the world, at various time periods. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features at a large scale. The selection represents a range of regions, originators, ground condition dates, scales, and purposes.

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